![]() The war also hastened the emergence of psychodynamic and psychoanalytic psychiatry, with its emphasis on the importance of life experiences and socioenvironmental factors. The experiences of the military during the war in successfully treating soldiers with psychiatric symptoms and returning them to their units led to the conviction that outpatient treatment in the community was more effective than confinement in remote institutions that shattered social relationships. After World War II, however, mental hospitals began to lose their social and medical legitimacy. ![]() In the early nineteenth century, a faith in institutional care for persons with severe mental illnesses had led to the creation of a vast system of state mental hospitals that in 1955 admitted 178,000 individuals and had an average daily census of 559,000 patients. ![]() During the previous three decades there had been determined attempts to change a system whose roots dated back more than a century. ![]()
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